Minggu, 27 Januari 2013

NOTICE

Notice atau dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah pemberitahuan yaitu informasi singkat dan sederhana. Notice ini harus mudah dibaca dan dipahami. Oleh karena itu notice selalu menggunakan kata-kata sederhana, dan huruf yang besar. Notice biasanya berbentuk rambu-rambu :
1. Tidak boleh mengambil foto
2. Pencuri akan dituntut
3. Tidak boleh ada ponsel



 Notice is the legal concept in which a party is made aware of a legal process affecting their rights, obligations or duties. There are several types of notice: public notice (or legal notice), actual notice, constructive notice, and implied notice.


At common law, notice is the fundamental principle in service of process. In this case, the service of process puts the defendant "on notice" of the allegations contained within a criminal defendant to be notified of the charges and their grounds.
If a court bases personal jurisdiction over an out-of-state or foreign defendant on a long-arm statute, the court must carefully select a means of notifying the defendant to comply with the notice requirement of due process. Sometimes this is done by serving agents of the defendant located within the state. Because out-of-state defendants can't always be located easily, some state or local laws may allow for selication. An example of this would be printing a notice of the lawsuit in a newspaper published where the defendant is believed to reside. Because the failure of a defendant to appear in court results in a default judgment against him, such measures must be sufficiently calculated to give actual notice to the defendant to satisfy due process.
In the core case setting forth constitutional notice requirements, the U.S. Supreme Court held that notice must be "reasonably calculated, under all the circumstances, to apprise interested parties of the pendency of the action and afford them an opportunity to present their objections." Moreover, defendants must be notified by the "best practical means" available.

1.  Public notice is a notice given to the public regarding certain types of legal proceedings.

Public notices are issued by a government agency or legislative body in certain rulemaking or lawmaking proceeding.
It is a requirement in most jurisdictions, in order to allow members of the public to make their opinions on proposals known before a rule or law is made.
For local government, public notice is often given by those seeking a liquor license, a rezoning or variance, or other minor approval which must be granted by a city council, county commission, or board of supervisors.

Public notices are sometimes required when seeking a new broadcast license from a national broadcasting authority, or a change to modification to an existing license.
U.S. broadcast stations are required to give public notice on the air that they are seeking a license renewal from the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), or that they are ending analog TV service early during the digital television transition in the United States.[citation needed] Records of these public notices must often be kept in a station's public file.

2.  Actual notice

Actual notice is a law term, used most frequently in civil procedure. It is notice (usually to a defendant in a civil proceeding) delivered in such a way as to give legally sufficient assurance that actual knowledge of the matter has been conveyed to the recipient.Personal service, that is, physically handing something to an individual, is usually considered the least-disputable method of giving actual notice.
Actual notice may be contrasted with constructive notice, which is a way of giving notice that may not immediately bring the matter to the attention of the individual that is intended to receive the notice. Constructive notice includes, among other methods, service on an agent or family member, service by posting (on the front door), and service by publication (as in a newspaper).


3.  Constructive notice is the legal fiction that signifies that a person or entity should have known, as a reasonable person would have, even if they have no actual knowledge of it. For example if it is not possible to serve notice personally then a summons may be posted on a court house bulletin board or legally advertised in an approved newspaper. The person is considered to have received notice even if they were not aware of it.

4.  Judicial Notice

Judicial notice is a rule in the law of evidence that allows a fact to be introduced into evidence if the truth of that fact is so notorious or well known, or so authoritatively attested, that it cannot reasonably be doubted. This is done upon the request of the party seeking to rely on the fact at issue. Facts and materials admitted under judicial notice are accepted without being formally introduced by a witness or other rule of evidence, and even if one party wishes to lead evidence to the contrary.
Judicial notice is frequently used for the simplest, most obvious common sense facts, such as which day of the week corresponded to a particular calendar date.




Legal disputes about foreign affairs are generally settled by judicial notice by obtaining the information directly from the office of the Secretary of State (in the United States) or the Foreign Secretary (in the United Kingdom). For example, if a litigant in an extradition hearing attempted to argue that Israel was not a sovereign state, a statement from the Secretary of State that the U.S. recognized Israel as a sovereign state would settle the issue and no evidence could be led to the contrary.
Recently, Court of Appeals decisions regarding the legal rights of detainees of Guantanamo Bay took judicial notice of Cuba having no sovereignty over the U.S. naval base in that location despite claims by the United States government that it was Cuban territory and not subject to the application of United States law.
Federal courts and the courts of most jurisdictions have determined that matters of foreign law are subject to permissive judicial notice.

Question 1
What the meaning of this notice?
a. People must not stop in front of it
b. Parking area has a camera CCTV
c. The monitor has broke
d.  You have to put camera in parking area


Question 2
  
What does it means?
a. All visitors rolling in the office
b. There will be absent in the office

c. All visitors please fill out the attendance list
d. I cango to the office